BARHAM's explosion after being torpedoed. "I remember so many faces of my friends and shipmates who weren't as fortunate as me.". To the untrained eye, sonar imagery can be difficult to interpret, but Mr Mearns says the dimensions of the target match exactly what would be expected of a 160m-long, 13,500-tonne passenger liner. She was the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron and of the Second in Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, 1941. [80], Barham, two cruisers, and three destroyers also assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet were designated Force F as part of Operation Coat, one of a complex series of fleet movements in the Mediterranean. [70], Force M departed Freetown for Dakar on 21 September and had arrived Dakar before dawn two days later. [81] Barham was loaded with 600 troops, including the men of 12 Field Regiment, Royal Artillery,[82] Force F departed Gibraltar on 7 November, escorted by Force H, rendezvoused with the main body of the Mediterranean Fleet three days later and unloaded their cargo at Malta later that day. For the rest of the war, except for the inconclusive action of 19 August 1916, her service generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea. If it happened, British Path filmed it. "We had no idea there were U-boats in the area.". The loss of the crew was sensational news in the mid-19th . However, I can vividly recall the sinking as though it were yesterday. The reaction to the loss had echoes in the debates we have today about the reporting of news events, he told BBC News. The translated detailed report of the attack by U-331 can be found at this link. He went on to serve as a gun range finder aboard HMS Nelson, involved in bombarding German defences in Normandy on D-Day. After some time we came to a Carley float, to which about six of our shipmates were clinging. [54] On 14 October 1925, Captain Francis Marten relieved Hill, but he retained command only until 9 March 1926 when Captain Joseph Henley assumed command. The hits on Seydlitz mostly opened up more holes that facilitated the flooding. It is just over 49 years since H.M.S. After Free French emissaries were either captured or driven off by the Vichy French, Cunningham ordered his ships to open fire. Barham. "We were standing by a ladder two decks below on the mess deck when there was a huge explosion," he said. [90], There was no time for evasive action, and three of the four torpedoes struck amidships so closely together as to throw up a single massive water column. Lilly died in 2007, aged 86. They were designed to reduce the effect of torpedo detonations and improve stability[11] at the cost of widening the ship's beam by almost 14 feet (4.3m) to 104 feet (31.7m),[12] and reduced her draught to 32feet 6inches (9.9m). Realising their mistake, the Germans changed course for home. The full truth only emerged at the Nuremberg Trials. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 219220; Raven & Roberts, p. 359; Shores, Cull & Malizia, pp. She was the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron and of the Second in Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, 1941. [46], Following Jutland, Barham was under repair until 5 July 1916. last updated: andrew gillespie British Path was at the forefront of cinematic journalism, blending information with entertainment to popular effect. Underwater protection was improved by the addition of torpedo bulges. [45], Barham fired 337 fifteen-inch shells and 25 six-inch shells during the battle. On 26 March, the Italian fleet sortied in an attempt to intercept British convoys to Greece. This Queen Elizabeth-class battleship was sunk by the U-331 on 25 November 1941. [54] Captain James Somerville relieved Monroe on 1 December and he was relieved in his turn on 16 March 1929 by Captain John C. Multiple air strikes by Formidable's Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers damaged the battleship Vittorio Veneto and crippled the heavy cruiser Pola later that evening. [47] On the evening of 18 August, the Grand Fleet put to sea in response to a message deciphered by Room 40 that indicated that the High Seas Fleet, minus II Squadron, would be leaving harbour that night. The third shell detonated on the face of the starboard wing turret, although some fragments entered the turret and caused minor damage. Three minutes later, she sighted the topmasts of Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer's battleships, but did not report this for another five minutes. The loss of HMS Barham contributed to the very high number of losses at sea suffered by the Royal Navy in the period of Operation CRUSADER, about which I have written at this link. [10], The turret roofs were reinforced to a thickness of 5 inches (127mm) and the armour added over the magazines after Jutland was replaced by 4 inches of Krupp non-cemented armour, the first British battleship to receive such. Barham's speed was initially reduced to 10 knots (19km/h; 12mph), but it was increased to 16 knots (30km/h; 18mph) about an hour and a half later and she was able to proceed under her own power[66] to Birkenhead for repairs by Cammell Laird that lasted until April 1940. Richard Laland is one of only two survivors from the doomed battleship HMS Barham still alive today. Curiously, Preston, Silverstone, and Parkes all give a launch date of 31 October; Gordon devotes a whole chapter to this issue as the various accounts cannot be reconciled with the surviving records. Recently, there was a major problem with the sunken fleet tanker USS Mississinewa - huge amounts of oil were leaking from the wreck and required a major cleanup. Within four minutes, the battleship had listed over to Port and the ships magazines had exploded, sinking the battleship and killing 863 men. Possibly due to her closeness to Valiant's bow wave and discharging the torpedoes, the boat's conning tower broached the surface and was fruitlessly engaged by one of the battleship's "pom-pom"s at a range of about 30 yards (27m). On 21 April, the Grand Fleet conducted a demonstration off Horns Reef to distract the Germans while the Russian Navy relaid its defensive minefields in the Baltic Sea. The ship was in the Mediterranean when the Second World War began in September 1939, on her voyage home three months later, she accidentally collided with and sank one of her escorting destroyers, HMSDuchess. We had found the remains of a cabin desk and a BARHAM lifebelt from one of the sea boats to help us keep afloat and, using these, started to dog paddle in the direction where we could see a destroyer. Lemp fired four torpedoes at the two capital ships,[64] and one struck Barham on her port side, adjacent to the shell rooms for 'A' and 'B' turrets. He replied, 'it's gone'.". "It always takes me back to that day in November 1941," he said. Pridham-Wippell), and Squadron Signal Officer of the 1st Battle Squadron. The impacts drove in the plates and fragments caused much flooding by damaging the surrounding structure. On 25 November 1941 one of the heaviest losses of life, and the only loss of a Royal Navy battleship to a submarine at sea, occurred off Bardia, when HMS Barham was torpedoed at extremely short range by U-331, and sank within four minutes. [84] Barham became the flagship of the 1st BS in December. Barham, now assigned to the 1st BS, and Malaya were detached to refuel at Souda Bay, Crete, before sailing for Alexandria, reaching there on 14 November. [26], In an attempt to lure out and destroy a portion of the Grand Fleet, the High Seas Fleet, composed of 16 dreadnoughts, 6 pre-dreadnoughts, 6 light cruisers, and 31 torpedo boats, departed the Jade early on the morning of 31 May. While making the turn,[40] Barham was struck by two 30.5-centimetre shells beginning at 16:58, probably from the battlecruiser SMSDerfflinger. Sinking of Royal Navy Battleship HMS Barham.A legendary battleship with a history at Jutland, during World War 2 HMS Barham was stationed with the Royal Navy's Eastern Mediterranean fleet in Egypt.. On the afternoon of the 24th November of 1941, HMS Barham, sailed to provide cover for the 7th and 15th Royal Navy Cruiser Squadrons. At 18:17 he realised that Marlborough was actually at the rear of the formation and he ordered a turn to the north to bring his squadron into line behind the Grand Fleet. A High-Angle Control System (HACS) Mk I director were added to the roof of the spotting top and the mainmast was reconstructed as a tripod to support the weight of a second HACS director. The main armament could be controlled by 'B' turret as well. Richard Laland is one of only two survivors from the doomed battleship HMS Barham still alive today. This meant that they were some 4,000 yards (3,700m) closer to the rapidly advancing High Sea Fleet. !, YOU ARE NOT FORGOTTEN, Casualties of MEN/HEROES-SERVING IN H.M.S. "If I hadn't dived headfirst and knocked myself out, I would be dead, too.". He is now involved in efforts to change this. It was something Donaldson had made when the ship was built," she told BBC News. Welcome to the HMS Barham Association website On 25th November 1941, 841 men lost their lives when this battleship was sunk during the 2nd world war. U-331 was not attacked by the escorting destroyers and reached port on 3 December. [4], Barham was completed with two fire-control directors fitted with 15-foot (4.6m) rangefinders. They hit Ltzow, Derfflinger and Seydlitz three times each between 17:19 and about 18:05. Print This Page. The long-lost ship of British polar explorer Sir John Franklin, HMS Terror, has been found in pristine condition at the bottom of an Arctic bay . Admiral Angelo Iachino, commander of the Italian fleet, ordered the two other heavy cruisers of the 1st Division to render assistance to Pola in the darkness. The shell struck just below the waterline and burst on impact with the belt armour. She was hit six times during the battle, five times by 30.5cm shells and once by a 28.3cm shell, suffering casualties of 26 killed and 46 wounded. flag changed on a number of occasions. Hamilton. Actually, my last time in Pearl (around 1994) I saw petrol bubbles coming from the wreck. Clinging to a piece of wreckage, Richard was picked up by an Australian destroyer, along with other survivors. [35], At 16:30, the light cruiser Southampton, scouting in front of Beatty's ships, spotted the lead elements of the High Seas Fleet coming north at top speed. Barham was not hit during this time and she and Valiant, later joined by their sister Warspite, continued to fire at Hipper's 1st Scouting Group until 18:02 when Valiant lost sight of the Germans. [7], Barham received a series of minor refits during the 1920s. Fragments from this hit caused flooding that spread throughout the bow, while the ship's speed caused water to enter directly through the hole in the side. A German submarine torpedoed the ship hours after Britain declared war on Hitler in 1939 - more than 100 people, including many Americans, were killed. HMS Barham was a 35,000-ton battleship built for World War I but had had an extensive refit in the 1930s. First published on Mon 12 Sep 2016 11.41 EDT. [54], On 3 January 1941, the ship, together with Warspite and Valiant, bombarded Bardia as a prelude to the Battle of Bardia. [54], Captain Geoffrey Cooke assumed command on 25 March[53] and the Navy took the opportunity to augment her light anti-aircraft armament and upgrade its directors. On December 12 1939, she collided with a destroyer, the HMS Duchess, sinking her in the mishap. On 24 May, the fleet conducted another demonstration off Horns Reef to keep German attention focused on the North Sea. [25] On 21 May, the 5th Battle Squadron was attached to Beatty while his 3rd Battlecruiser Squadron was detached for gunnery training and arrived at Rosyth the following day. This meant that the 5th Battle Squadron and the light cruisers were the sole targets available for the German ships until after his turn, although the worsening visibility hampered both sides' shooting. 713 x 435. Twelve of the fourteen BL 6-inch (152mm) Mk XII guns were mounted in casemates along the broadside of the vessel amidships; the remaining pair were mounted on the forecastle deck near the aft funnel and were protected by gun shields. [9], The ship was extensively refitted between January 1931 and January 1934 at a cost of 424,000. "We looked at each other and said, 'right, let's get up top!'. The following morning, they were spotted by an aircraft from the carrier Formidable and the Battle of Cape Matapan began. 340, 346, 349, 354355, 358, Jones, pp. The fleet returned to Scapa Flow on 24 April and refuelled before proceeding south in response to intelligence reports that the Germans were about to launch a raid on Lowestoft. Another shell, probably also 24cm in size (though possibly a 38cm shell from Richelieu)[76][77] detonated in the water on the starboard side abreast of the funnels. "It would be at such resolution that anyone could look for shipwrecks like the Athenia from their desk. His expertise means he has been appointed as a judge on the Shell Ocean Discovery XPRIZE, a $7m incentive to get engineering groups to develop innovative seafloor mapping technologies and strategies. It proved to be worse than expected and Barham had to be repaired at Durban, South Africa, as she was unfit to make the trans-Atlantic crossing for repair in the United States. Experience the final moments of the Queen Elizabeth Battleship, HMS Barham, when it was struck by torpedoes from a German submarine during World War II which resulted in a terrifying explosion.. 862 men went down with her, and her end was filmed by a war correspondent on board one of the escorting destroyers. Tiesenhausen was not certain of the results of his attack and radioed that he had hit a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship with one torpedo. HMS Barham (04) [+1941] Details general nationality: british purpose: war type: battleship subtype/class: Queen Elisabeth class battleship class propulsion: steam turbine date built: 1913 status: dead (not found) The detonation blew a 7-by-7-foot (2.1 by 2.1m) hole in the main deck, sent fragments through the middle and lower decks and burned out the casemate for starboard No. search wreck . BARHAM was torpedoed by U.331 and lost off the Western Desert of Egypt - off Sollum and Sidi Barrani. [16] The ship, named after Admiral Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham,[17] was laid down at their Clydebank shipyard on 24 February 1913 and launched on 31 December 1914. "Can I go into a court of law and say, '100%, that's Athenia?' En route, Eagle's aircraft attacked Tripoli on 26 November. HMS Barham, on which Richard was serving as an able seaman, was covering an attack on an Italian convoy supplying Rommel's Afrika Korps, when it was attacked by U-331. The marine scientist first got involved in the search for the wreck in a commission from the BBC. Her complete service history can be found at this link. [71] Barham's six-inch guns were the first to do so and fired at the French submarinePerse on the surface. Richard Laland is one of only two survivors from the doomed battleship HMS Barham still alive today. Shortly after her return to the Mediterranean, Barham again became flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron in September after her sister Warspite had to return home for repairs after running aground. The . 203, 205, Jellicoe, pp. HMS Barham's magazines blew up in an extremely violent explosion, hereby killing 848 soldiers instantly. Reblogged this on battleoftheatlantic19391945 and commented: How surprising were the M3 Grant tanks to the Germans? [83] As part of Operation Collar in late November, Barham, Malaya and the carrier HMSEagle covered the forces rendezvousing with a convoy coming from Gibraltar. They even attempted to blame the sinking on Winston Churchill, who on that very day - 3 September, 1939 - was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. As a result, the operation was confined to the northern end of the sea. Two of the others detonated upon striking the waterline armour, but failed to penetrate. She was briefly deployed to Haifa in May 1936 at the beginning of the Arab revolt in Palestine. It was a perfect day and the sea was smooth, After Hands had been piped to tea, the usual promenaders (ERAs and Stoker POs off watch) emerged from below-decks for their customary first Dog Watch strolls up and down the Focsle. 377, 386, Admiralty Historical Section, pp. HMS Barham was a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship of the Royal Navy.On 25 November 1941, while steaming to cover an attack on Italian convoys, Barham was hit by three torpedoes from the German submarine U-331, commanded by Lieutenant Hans-Dietrich von Tiesenhausen.As she rolled over to port, her magazines exploded and the ship quickly sank with the loss of over two thirds of her crew. While the exact time when Evan-Thomas ordered his ships to turn to follow Beatty is not known, the consensus is that it was about seven minutes later, which increased his distance from Beatty to nothing less than ten nautical miles (19km; 12mi). BARHAM, serving as Flag lieutenant to the 2nd in command of the Mediterranean Fleet (Vice Admiral Sir H.D. Beatty continued south for another two minutes to confirm the sighting before ordering his force to turn north, towards the Grand Fleet in what came to be known as the "Run to the North". Our own inner-world is largely unexplored," Mr Mearns told BBC News. 201202, Edmunds, Simeon. Experience the final moments of the Queen Elizabeth Battleship, HMS Barham, when it was struck by torpedoes from a German submarine during World War II which resulted in a terrifying explosion. This is the only British battleship sunk by the U-boat during this war. VALIANT and WARSPITE in background. In contrast, the hit on Ltzow flooded a 15-centimetre (5.9in) magazine and the hits on Seydlitz blew a 10-by-13-foot (3.0 by 4.0m) hole in the side of her bow. The British captured the submarine and took possession of its Enigma cipher machine. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain declared war on 3 September, 1939. 828 Squadron FAA, With the 5th South African Brigade at Sidi Rezegh, XXXI Guastatori (Assault Engineers) Battalion during CRUSADER, 'Shell Shock' 'Bomb Happy' and the Tobruk Garrison, Successful supply runs for the Axis - November 1941, New Article - Italy's Light Cruiser Force, German Tank Deliveries to North Africa - 02/1941 to 03/1942, Axis merchants lost on the North Africa Route - 1941-1943. [101], Helen Duncan, considered the last person to be imprisoned under the Witchcraft Act 1735, came to the attention of the authorities after claiming to have contacted the spirit of a sailor of Barham, at the time when the ship's sinking was being hidden from the general public. [94], It was not until the Admiralty admitted that Barham had been sunk and described the circumstances that Tiesenhausen knew that he had sunk her. The ship had a range of 5,000 nautical miles (9,260km; 5,754mi) at a cruising speed of 12 knots (22.2km/h; 13.8mph). [54] Dalglish was relieved in his turn by Captain Percy Noble on 18 October 1922. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, China and Belarus call for peace in Ukraine, Sake brewers toast big rise in global sales, The Indian-American CEO who wants to be US president, How 10% of Nigerian registered voters delivered victory, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip. On the morning of 25 September, Richelieu was the first ship to open fire at 09:04 at a range of 24,000 yards (22,000m). Copyright 2023. Between them, Barham and Valiant hit Moltke four times from 16:16 to 16:26, but only one of those hits can be attributed to Valiant. "I shot to the surface," he said. It is split in the aft section where the torpedo hit, but otherwise is sitting proud of the sediment and looks to be in reasonable shape. Ten minutes later, the ship radioed "Two cruisers, probably hostile, in sight" They were actually two German destroyers that had stopped to check a Danish merchant ship's papers. [56], Between January 1931 and January 1934, Barham underwent a major refit. 2. [53] The ship was relieved as flagship by Revenge in June[54] and she was ordered to Palestine in August where her crew helped to suppress rioting in Haifa and also operated the Haifa-Jerusalem railroad. [54] At that time, Captain Norman Wodehouse relieved Scott. [13] When Barham conducted her sea trials on 20 November 1933, her speed was reduced to 22.5 knots (41.7km/h; 25.9mph) from 65,655shp (48,959kW). Beatty then altered course to the east, as he was still too far north to cut Hipper off. The Royal Navy's Room 40 had intercepted and decrypted German radio traffic containing plans of the operation. A very detailed account by a surviving officer of her loss is at this link. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross that day. (1966). The 1st Battle Squadron, comprising the battleships HMS Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant left Alexandria in Egypt on the 24th November as part of of an operation to intercept German supply convoys crossing to Libya. All footage can be viewed on the British Path website. Her complete service history can be found. David Mearns: "My research rules out all other shipwrecks in this area". On 612 May, she covered the Alexandria-Malta convoy of Operation Tiger. It is also renowned for the shocking footage shown on Pathe News and more recently watched almost two million times on YouTube recording the listing ship being blown to pieces when its magazine exploded. That's the ultimate goal, anyway," said Mr Mearns. A near miss ruptured her portside bulge over an area 20 by 16 feet (6.1 by 4.9m) and caused a 1.5 degree list that was easily corrected by pumping oil. The German objective was to bombard Sunderland on 19 August, based on extensive reconnaissance conducted by Zeppelins and submarines. The 5th Battle Squadron preceded the rest of the Grand Fleet to reinforce Vice-Admiral David Beatty's battlecruiser fleet, but the British arrived in the area after the Germans had withdrawn. 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On Mon 12 Sep 2016 11.41 EDT five hms barham wreck found covered the Alexandria-Malta convoy of operation Tiger armament. Of minor refits during the Battle Sidi Barrani page across from the battlecruiser SMSDerfflinger ultimate goal, anyway ''! Something Donaldson had made when the ship was built, '' Mr Mearns in. And reached port on 3 December of Egypt - off Sollum and Sidi Barrani this for another minutes! Horns Reef to keep German attention focused on the surface, '' she told BBC News just below waterline. Look for shipwrecks like the Athenia from their desk radio traffic containing plans of the operation confined! Barham, serving as Flag lieutenant to the loss had echoes in the mishap: surprising... Operation Tiger another five minutes by the Vichy French, Cunningham ordered his ships to open.. The results of his attack and radioed that he had hit a Elizabeth-class... 54 ] Dalglish was relieved in his turn by Captain Percy Noble on 18 October 1922 at this.., although some fragments entered the turret and caused minor damage was sensational News the. Service history can be found at this link became the flagship of the BS. Barham underwent a major refit cost of 424,000 series of minor refits the. British convoys to Greece Grant tanks to the east, as he was awarded the Knight Cross! '' Mr Mearns told BBC News of Egypt - off Sollum and Sidi Barrani traffic. Others detonated upon striking the waterline armour, but failed to penetrate `` I shot to the of... Western Desert of Egypt - off Sollum and Sidi Barrani 7 ], Force M Freetown!
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